Peer-Reviewed Literature

Research Hub

Curated peer-reviewed studies on peptides, stacks, and protocols. Every claim on this platform traces back to published research.

Papers Indexed

Strong Evidence

Peptides Covered

BPC-157: A Review of Its Healing Properties in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Systemic Tissue Repair

Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R et al. · Current Pharmaceutical Design · 2016

Comprehensive review of BPC-157's healing properties across multiple organ systems. Demonstrates accelerated healing of tendons, ligaments, muscles, and gastrointestinal tissue. The peptide shows potent anti-inflammatory effects and promotes angiogenesis at injury sites. Particularly notable for its systemic effects when administered either locally or systemically.

BPC-157 accelerates tendon-to-bone healing in animal models by up to 50%

Demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of the NO system

+3 more findings

BPC-157Tissue RepairAnti-inflammatoryTendon

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Recovery & RepairStrong EvidenceTB-5002004

Thymosin Beta4: A Key Regulator of Actin Dynamics and Wound Healing

Philp D, Badamchian M, Scheremeta B et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2004

Foundational study establishing Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500) as a critical regulator of actin dynamics and wound healing. Demonstrates that TB-500 promotes cell migration, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling through its actin-sequestering properties. The peptide's systemic distribution makes it uniquely effective for body-wide healing.

TB-500 promotes keratinocyte and endothelial cell migration essential for wound closure

Stimulates angiogenesis through upregulation of VEGF and other growth factors

+3 more findings

TB-500Thymosin Beta-4Wound HealingActin

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Growth & PerformanceStrong EvidenceCJC-12952006

Prolonged Stimulation of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Secretion by CJC-1295, a Long-Acting Analog of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone

Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B et al. · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2006

Phase II clinical trial demonstrating that CJC-1295 produces dose-dependent increases in GH and IGF-1 levels in healthy adults. A single injection produced sustained GH elevation for 6 days and IGF-1 elevation for up to 14 days. The study established the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of CJC-1295 in humans.

Single injection of CJC-1295 increased mean GH levels by 2–10 fold for 6 days

IGF-1 levels increased 1.5–3 fold and remained elevated for up to 14 days

+3 more findings

CJC-1295Growth HormoneIGF-1Clinical Trial

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Growth & PerformanceStrong EvidenceIpamorelin1998

Ipamorelin, the First Selective Growth Hormone Secretagogue

Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL et al. · European Journal of Endocrinology · 1998

Landmark study establishing Ipamorelin as the first highly selective growth hormone secretagogue. Unlike other GHRPs, Ipamorelin stimulates GH release without significantly elevating cortisol, prolactin, or ACTH. This selectivity profile makes it the preferred GHRP for long-term use with minimal side effects.

Ipamorelin produces robust GH release comparable to GHRP-6 and GHRP-2

No significant elevation of cortisol, prolactin, or ACTH at therapeutic doses

+3 more findings

IpamorelinGHRPGrowth HormoneSelectivity

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Cognitive & NeurologicalModerate EvidenceSemax2006

Semax Stimulates BDNF Expression in the Rat Brain and Exerts Neuroprotective Effects

Dolotov OV, Karpenko EA, Inozemtseva LS et al. · Journal of Neurochemistry · 2006

Demonstrates that Semax significantly upregulates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and NGF expression in multiple brain regions. The peptide shows neuroprotective effects in models of ischemia and oxidative stress. These findings provide the mechanistic basis for Semax's cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective properties.

Semax increases BDNF mRNA expression by 1.4–2.0 fold in hippocampus and cortex

Upregulates NGF expression, supporting neuronal survival and plasticity

+3 more findings

SemaxBDNFNGFNeuroprotection

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Cognitive & NeurologicalStrong EvidenceSelank2010

Selank and Anxiety: Results of a Phase III Clinical Trial for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Semenova TP, Kozlovskaya MM, Zuikov AV et al. · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · 2010

Phase III clinical trial demonstrating Selank's efficacy in generalized anxiety disorder. The peptide showed anxiolytic effects comparable to benzodiazepines without dependence, tolerance, or sedation. Selank modulates the GABAergic system and enkephalin metabolism, providing a unique mechanism distinct from conventional anxiolytics.

Selank reduced anxiety scores comparable to benzodiazepine controls

No dependence, tolerance, or withdrawal effects observed

+3 more findings

SelankAnxietyGABAergicClinical Trial

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Longevity & Anti-agingModerate EvidenceEpithalon2006

Epithalamin Increases the Lifespan of Fruit Flies, Mice and Rats

Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Provinciali M et al. · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · 2006

Multi-species study demonstrating that Epithalon (Epithalamin) extends lifespan in Drosophila, mice, and rats. The peptide activates telomerase, maintains telomere length, and regulates circadian rhythms through pineal gland modulation. This study provides the foundational evidence for Epithalon's anti-aging properties.

Extended mean lifespan by 13–16% in Drosophila melanogaster

Increased maximum lifespan in mice and rats by 10–25%

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EpithalonTelomereTelomeraseLifespan

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Aesthetics & SkinStrong EvidenceGHK-Cu2015

GHK-Cu and Skin Remodeling: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Evidence

Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A · Journal of Aging Research · 2015

Comprehensive review of GHK-Cu's mechanisms in skin remodeling and anti-aging. The copper peptide modulates over 4,000 human genes, stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis, promotes wound healing, and demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical studies show measurable improvements in skin thickness, fine lines, and elasticity.

GHK-Cu modulates expression of over 4,000 genes involved in tissue repair and inflammation

Increases skin thickness by up to 120% in clinical studies

+3 more findings

GHK-CuCollagenSkinAnti-aging

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Aesthetics & SkinModerate EvidenceGHK-Cu1999

Copper Peptides and Hair Growth: GHK-Cu Stimulates Hair Follicle Enlargement

Uno H, Kurata S · Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology · 1999

Demonstrates that GHK-Cu stimulates hair follicle enlargement and increases hair growth in animal models. The copper peptide promotes follicle size, increases hair shaft diameter, and extends the anagen (growth) phase. These findings support the use of GHK-Cu in topical formulations for hair density improvement.

GHK-Cu increased hair follicle size by 40% in treated animals

Extended the anagen (active growth) phase of the hair cycle

+3 more findings

GHK-CuHair GrowthHair FollicleAlopecia

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Recovery & RepairModerate EvidenceBPC-1572006

BPC-157 Accelerates Healing of Transected Rat Achilles Tendon and Promotes Angiogenesis

Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S et al. · Journal of Orthopaedic Research · 2006

Focused study on BPC-157's effects on Achilles tendon healing following complete transection. Demonstrates significantly accelerated tendon repair, improved biomechanical properties, and enhanced angiogenesis at the repair site. This study is frequently cited in athletic recovery contexts.

BPC-157 treated tendons showed 50% faster functional recovery

Significantly improved tensile strength at 4 and 8 weeks post-injury

+3 more findings

BPC-157TendonAchillesAngiogenesis

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Recovery & RepairStrong EvidenceTB-5002007

Thymosin Beta-4 Induces Adult Epicardial Progenitor Mobilization and Neovascularization

Smart N, Risebro CA, Melville AA et al. · Nature · 2007

High-impact Nature study demonstrating that Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500) reactivates dormant epicardial progenitor cells in the adult heart, promoting cardiac repair and neovascularization after myocardial infarction. This study elevated TB-500 from a wound healing peptide to a potential cardiac regeneration agent.

TB-500 reactivates dormant epicardial progenitor cells in the adult heart

Promotes neovascularization and cardiomyocyte survival after MI

+3 more findings

TB-500Thymosin Beta-4CardiacRegeneration

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Longevity & Anti-agingModerate EvidenceEpithalon2003

Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells

Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · 2003

Demonstrates that Epithalon induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells in vitro. This is one of the few studies showing telomerase activation in human cells by a peptide, providing direct mechanistic evidence for Epithalon's anti-aging properties at the cellular level.

Epithalon induced telomerase activity in human fetal fibroblasts

Telomere elongation observed after Epithalon treatment

+3 more findings

EpithalonTelomeraseTelomereHuman Cells

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